Wahhabisme

Wahhabisme of Wahabisme (Arabies: الوهابية, al-Wahhābiya(h)) is ’n Islamitiese beweging wat deur Mohammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab gestig is. Dit is al beskryf as "ultrakonserwatief",^[1] "streng",^[2] "fundamentalisties",^[3] of "puriteins";^[4][5] as ’n Islamitiese "hervormingsbeweging" om "suiwer monoteïstiese aanbidding" (tawhid) te herstel" deur aanhangers;^[6] en as ’n "afwykende sektariese beweging",^[6] "skandelike sekte"^[7] en verdraaiing van Islam deur teenstanders.^[2][8]

Aanhangers van Wahhabisme verwerp gewoonlik die term en verkies om Salafi of muwahhid genoem te word;^[9][10][11] volgens hulle lê dit klem op die beginsel van tawhid^[12] (die "uniekheid" en "eenheid" van God)^[13] of monoteïsme. Hulle beskuldig dikwels ander Moslems daarvan dat hulle sjirk (afgodsdiens) beoefen.^[14]

Wahhabisme volg die teologie van die Hanbali-skool van regswetenskap, hoewel Hanbalileiers Ibn Abd al-Wahhab se sienings verwerp.^[5]

1. ↑ "Encyclopedia of Global Religion".. (2011). SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781452266565. 
2. ↑ ^{2,0 2,1} "Analysis Wahhabism" (in Engels). PBS Frontline. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 7 Junie 2020. Besoek op 13 Mei 2014.
3. ↑ Schwartz, Steven. "Saudi Arabia and the Rise of the Wahhabi Threat". meforum (in Engels). Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 28 Februarie 2020. Besoek op 24 Junie 2014.
4. ↑ Kampeas, Ron. "Fundamentalist Wahhabism Comes to U.S." (in Engels). Belief.net, Associate Press. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 5 Augustus 2019. Besoek op 27 Februarie 2014.
5. ↑ ^{5,0 5,1} "Wahhabi". Encyclopædia Britannica aanlyn. URL besoek op 12 Desember 2010. 
6. ↑ ^{6,0 6,1} Commins, David (2006). The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia. I.B. Tauris. p. vi. ISBN 9781845110802.
7. ↑ Valentine, Simon (9 Januarie 2015). Force and Fanaticism. Oxford University Press. pp. 16–17. ISBN 9781849046152. Besoek op 24 Julie 2016. The majority of mainstream Sunni and Shia Muslims worldwide would strongly disagree with the interpretation of Wahhabism outlined above. Rather than see Wahhabism as a reform movement, many Muslims would reject it in the strongest terms as firqa, a new faction, a vile sect.
8. ↑ Commins, David (2009). The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia. I.B.Tauris. p. viv. While Wahhabism claims to represent Islam in its purest form, other Muslims consider it a misguided creed that fosters intolerance, promotes simplistic theology, and restricts Islam's capacity for adaption to diverse and shifting circumstances.
9. ↑ Wiktorowicz, Quintan. "Anatomy of the Salafi Movement" in Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Vol. 29 (2006): p. 235, voetnoot.
10. ↑ DeLong-Bas, Natana J. (2004). Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad (1ste uitg.). Oxford University Press, VSA. pp. 123–24. ISBN 0-19-516991-3. Wahhabism has become [...] a blanket term for any Islamic movement that has an apparent tendency toward misogyny, militantism, extremism, or strict and literal interpretation of the Quran and hadith
11. ↑ Commins, David (2009). The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia. I.B. Tauris. p. ix. Thus, the mission's devotees contend that 'Wahhabism' is a misnomer for their efforts to revive correct Islamic belief and practice. Instead of the Wahhabi label, they prefer either Salafi, one who follows the ways of the first Muslim ancestors (salaf), or muwahhid, one who professes God's unity.
12. ↑ Sien ook: Glasse, Cyril, The New Encyclopedia of Islam, Rowman & Littlefield, (2001), pp. 469–72
13. ↑ Esposito 2003, p. 333
14. ↑ V.G. Julie Rajan Al Qaeda's Global Crisis: The Islamic State, Takfir and the Genocide of Muslims Routledge 2015 ISBN 978-1-317-64538-2 bl. 76